Biology Test Preparation Practice (Nysed) Matter Cycled Through Organisms And Ecosystems

The diagram below does not represent a sustainable energy pyramid in an ecosystem because

ecology, energy flow and food web, ecology, energy flow and food web, ecology, materials cycle through ecosystems fig: lenv62019-examw_g8.png *

(1) energy is never transferred between levels in ecosystems

(2) ecosystems never have more than three levels of energy transfer

(3) more energy must be available in the producer level than in the consumer levels

(4) producers feed on herbivores in most ecosystems

The diagram below represents different feeding levels in an energy pyramid.

ecology, energy flow and food web fig: lenv12015-exam_g10.png

The most likely explanation for showing fewer organisms at each feeding level going up the pyramid is that*

(1) some energy is lost to the environment as heat

(2) the larger the organism, the less energy it requires

(3) some energy is recycled within each level and remains there

(4) decomposers convert most of the energy into inorganic compounds

After feeding at the surface of the ocean during the day, many ocean organisms migrate to deeper waters. While there, they release ammonia in their urine. Many bacteria use the nitrogen from the ammonia as they make amino acids, which eventually end up in food chains on both land and water. These amino acids may even be used in humans. Which statement best explains these observations?*

(1) Chemical elements, including nitrogen, pass through food webs and are combined and recombined in different ways.

(2) Chemical elements, including nitrogen, are removed from food webs and eliminated from ecosystems.

(3) Nitrogen is transferred directly from bacteria to humans.

(4) All elements in the ocean remain there and are not transferred to other ecosystems.

Which process occurs at each link in a food chain?*

(1) All the energy is stored in a newly made structure.

(2) Some energy is released into the environment as heat.

(3) Chemical energy is recycled.

(4) Atoms cycle among living organisms, producing energy.

The diagram below represents a food pyramid in an ecosystem.

ecology, energy flow and food web fig: lenv82015-exam_g1.png

The best explanation for the decrease in the amount of energy transferred to each succeeding level is that much of the energy is*

(1) consumed by predators

(2) released as heat

(3) stored within inorganic materials

(4) used in photosynthesis

The most likely result of completely removing carbon dioxide from the environment of a plant is that sugar production will*

(1) continue at the same rate

(2) increase and oxygen production will also in- crease

(3) increase and oxygen production will stay the same

(4) decrease and eventually stop

A hummingbird may need to consume up to 50% of its body weight in sugar each day, just to meet its energy needs. Some of this energy is stored and some is used for metabolic activities, but much of the energy is*

(1) converted into amino acids needed for the production of starch

(2) released as heat energy back into the hummingbird’s environment

(3) changed into radiant energy, which can be used by plants for photosynthesis

(4) used to synthesize inorganic compounds necessary for cellular respiration

Base your answers to questions 8 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents the energy in kilocalories (kcal) available at different feeding levels in a food chain.

ecology, energy flow and food web fig: lenv12018-examw_g19.png

Explain why there is a different amount of energy represented at each level of this energy pyramid. [1]*

Base your answer to question 9 on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents the energy relationships in a forest ecosystem.

ecology, energy flow and food web fig: lenv12020-examw_g20.png

Based on the information in the diagram, only some of the available energy is transferred from one energy level to the next. State what happens to the rest of the energy. [1]*

The diagram below represents two energy pyramids. Each pyramid represents the productivity of one acre of land.

ecology, energy flow and food web fig: lenv62017-exampcw_g29.png

Based on the concept of energy transfer, explain why one acre of land can produce more vegetables for human consumption than beef for human consumption. [1]*

Base your answers to questions 11 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents trophic levels in an ocean environment.

ecology, energy flow and food web fig: lenv62018-examw_g21.png

State one reason why there is less energy available at each trophic level going from the first to the third trophic level. [1]*