Biology Test Preparation Practice (Nysed) Photosynthesis And Cellular Respiration Important Components Of The Carbon Cycle

Some sea slugs store chloroplasts obtained from algae they have ingested. The chloroplasts continue to carry out photosynthesis within the slugs. What advantage would this activity be to these sea slugs?*

(1) The slugs with chloroplasts can synthesize some of their own food.

(2) The slugs with chloroplasts no longer need to carry out respiration.

(3) The chloroplasts provide the slugs with camouflage that protects them from UV radiation.

(4) The chloroplasts contain enzymes that allow the slugs to digest starch.

Which process uses energy to combine inorganic molecules to synthesize organic molecules?*

(1) respiration

(2) digestion

(3) photosynthesis

(4) decomposition

Base your answers to questions 3 on the diagram and information below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a germinating bean seed that has been split open.

organization and patterns in Life, cell structure and functions fig: lenv12016-examw_g8.png

Plants are able to continue to grow and develop once the starch supply in the seed is gone, because they*

(1) develop roots to absorb starch from the environment

(2) grow leaves, which use light energy for cell respiration

(3) have chloroplasts and use light energy to make more food

(4) produce more seeds, which contain additional food reserves

A cell in the leaf of a corn plant contains more chloroplasts than a cell in the stem of a corn plant. Based on this observation, it can be inferred that, when compared to the cell in the stem, the cell in the leaf*

(1) synthesizes more sugar

(2) has a higher chromosome count

(3) produces fewer proteins

(4) uses less carbon dioxide

Base your answers to questions 5 on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.

An investigation was conducted to compare two different types of plants. A student used a microscope to observe the cells in a cross section of a lilac leaf (diagram A) and a cell from the leaf of a freshwater plant (diagram B).

organization and patterns in Life, cell energetics, origin of energy and photosynthesis fig: lenv12019-examw_g15.png

Which row in the chart below correctly identifies the structure labeled Y in both diagrams and the process it performs?

organization and patterns in Life, cell energetics, origin of energy and photosynthesis fig: lenv12019-examw_g16.png *

(1) 1

(2) 2

(3) 3

(4) 4

In the 1660s, Flemish physician Jan van Helmont grew a small willow tree in a pot of soil. He added only water to the pot. At the end of five years, he found that the tree had gained 75 kilograms, but there was very little change in the mass of the soil. Van Helmont concluded that the plant gained weight directly from the water. We now know that this conclusion is only partially correct because, in addition to water, photosynthesis also requires*

(1) oxygen from the atmosphere

(2) carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

(3) proteins from animal prey

(4) carbohydrates from the soil

During the process of photosynthesis, energy from the Sun is converted into*

(1) chemical energy in the bonds of inorganic molecules

(2) chemical energy in the bonds of organic molecules

(3) enzymes used to produce inorganic molecules

(4) enzymes used to produce organic molecules

The diagram below represents a cycling of materials.

organization and patterns in Life, cell energetics, origin of energy and photosynthesis fig: lenv62012-exam_w_g9.png

Which row in the chart below shows the substances represented by X and Y?

organization and patterns in Life, cell energetics, origin of energy and photosynthesis fig: lenv62012-exam_w_g8.png *

(1) 1

(2) 2

(3) 3

(4) 4

The diagram below represents a sequence of events that occurs in living things.

organization and patterns in Life, cell energetics, origin of energy and photosynthesis fig: lenv62013-examw_g13.png

Letter X represents*

(1) inorganic molecules

(2) organic molecules

(3) biological catalysts

(4) simple sugars

The cells of some organisms contain both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Which statement describes what would happen in these cells if they were moved from a light environment to a dark one?*

(1) The amount of oxygen present would decrease and the amount of carbon dioxide would increase.

(2) The amount of glucose present would increase and ATP would no longer be available.

(3) The amount of carbon dioxide present would decrease and ATP would continue to be synthesized.

(4) The amount of oxygen present would increase and the amount of glucose available would decrease.

Base your answer to question 11 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.

A student measured oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration levels in an aquatic ecosystem during a 24 hour period. The data are represented in the graph below.

organization and patterns in Life, cell energetics, origin of energy and photosynthesis, organization and patterns in Life, cell energetics, cellular respiration and APT fig: lenv12017-exam_g17.png

Identify two biological processes that are responsible for the production of varying amounts of carbon dioxide and oxygen within the aquatic ecosystem. [1]

Processes: ____________________________________ and ____________________________________*

Base your answers to questions 12 on the information, diagram, and data table below and on your knowledge of biology.

The laboratory setup represented below was used to investigate the effect of light on aquatic plants. Equal amounts of a green water plant were placed in beakers with gas- collecting tubes. The beakers were placed in a temperature-controlled environment. The light source was placed at different distances from the beakers. After an hour, the amount of gas collected from the plants in each tube was measured and recorded in the data table.

scientific inquiry, data organization, plot and interpretation fig: lenv12018-examw_g14.png

scientific inquiry, data organization, plot and interpretation fig: lenv12018-examw_g15.png

Directions: Using the information given, construct a line graph on the grid following the directions below.

Identify the gas being produced by the plants. [1]*

Base your answers to questions 13 on the information and graph below and on your knowledge of biology.

A student conducts an experiment to determine how the amount of light affects the rate of oxygen production in a plant. The graph represents the rate of oxygen produced for one trial, X, in the experiment. By the end of the experiment, the plant had not reached maximum oxygen production.

scientific inquiry, access result and draw conclusion fig: lenv62013-examw_g28.png

The diagram below represents a cell from the plant being used in the study. Draw an arrow to a cell structure directly responsible for oxygen production in this cell. The tip of the arrow must touch the cell structure. [1]

organization and patterns in Life, cell energetics, origin of energy and photosynthesis fig: lenv62013-examw_g27.png *

Base your answer to question 14-16 on the information and photograph below and on your knowledge of biology.

The photograph below is part of an advertisement used by a company selling solar panels. The company claims that their panels, like plants, provide clean, renewable energy. They also claim that using solar panels will have a positive effect on the biosphere by reducing global warming.

organization and patterns in Life, cell energetics, origin of energy and photosynthesis, human influences on the environment, human efforts on reverse of the damage to ecosystems, human influences on the environment, human efforts on reverse of the damage to ecosystems, organization and patterns in Life, cell energetics, origin of energy and photosynthesis fig: lenv62015-examw_g29.png

14-16

Explain why these claims are valid. In your answer, be sure to:

• explain why both plants and solar panels provide renewable energy, rather than nonrenewable energy [1]

• state how the widespread use of solar panels to generate electricity can help to reduce global warming [1]

• state how the energy-capturing process used by plants worldwide can help to reduce global warming [1]*

Base your answer to question 17 on the information and photograph below and on your knowledge of biology. The photograph shows an oriental hornet.

Oriental hornets are unique insects. A yellow pigment in the body of the insect converts solar energy to electrical energy. Plants also convert energy from the Sun.

organization and patterns in Life, cell energetics, origin of energy and photosynthesis fig: lenv62016-examw_g21.png

Identify the organelle present in plants where this conversion takes place. [1]*