Regents Living Environment Test Preparation Practice Regents Test, Full Exam Practice Online: living environment June 2013

1

Fish absorb oxygen through the gills, earth- worms absorb oxygen through the skin, amebas take in oxygen through the cell membranes, and cows inhale oxygen through the nasal passages into their lungs. This statement demonstrates that living things*

(1) rely on similar or the same processes, but accomplish them in different ways

(2) rely on different processes and accomplish them in different ways

(3) rely on different processes, but perform them in the same or related ways

(4) have no relationship to one another, and are all independent individuals

2

In New York State, small farms that were abandoned many years ago have become hardwood forests. This is an example of*

(1) local deforestation

(2) biotechnology

(3) ecological succession

(4) habitat loss

3

Goats have been genetically modified to produce an anticlotting protein in their milk. The protein is extracted from the milk and given to people who have inherited a disorder that causes their bodies to produce blood clots, which can be fatal. A benefit of the technology used to produce this protein is that it*

(1) can be used to overcome the effects of a harmful mutation

(2) can provide people with a new kind of nutrient-rich milk

(3) will result in healthier goats with more nutritious milk for their offspring

(4) will reduce blood clots in other farm animals that are modified in this way

4

The diagram below represents factors that affect New York State ecosystems.

human influences on the environment, human influences on global stabilities of ecosystems fig: lenv62013-examw_g5.png

An increase in human activity at X would most likely result in*

(1) a decrease in rainfall in the area

(2) a decrease in available carbon dioxide

(3) an increase in air pollution in the area

(4) an increase in the supply of fossil fuels

5

Which graph correctly represents the pattern of human population growth over the past 5000 years?*

(1)

human influences on the environment, human influences on global stabilities of ecosystems fig: lenv62013-examw_g1.png

(2)

human influences on the environment, human influences on global stabilities of ecosystems fig: lenv62013-examw_g3.png

(3)

human influences on the environment, human influences on global stabilities of ecosystems fig: lenv62013-examw_g2.png

(4)

human influences on the environment, human influences on global stabilities of ecosystems fig: lenv62013-examw_g4.png

6

The fossil record of ancient life forms provides scientific evidence of*

(1) direct harvesting

(2) selective breeding

(3) gene manipulation

(4) evolutionary changes

7

Spider plants can reproduce both sexually and asexually. The diagram below represents a spider plant reproducing asexually by a method known as vegetative propagation.

reproduction and development, reproduction and development, ansexual reproduction, sexual reproduction fig: lenv62013-examw_g6.png

Which statement best describes the relationship between the parent plant and the offspring in the diagram?*

(1) The cells of the offspring contain half the amount of DNA as the cells of the parent plant.

(2) The parent plant provides genetic material to the offspring through its gametes.

(3) The cells of the offspring have the same genetic content as the cells of the parent plant.

(4) The cells of the parent plant have more genetic diversity, compared to the cells of the offspring.

8

The processes of deletion, insertion, and substitution can alter genes in a skin cell. The altered genes will most likely be passed on to*

(1) sperm cells

(2) egg cells

(3) every cell that develops from that skin cell

(4) only a few of the cells that develop from that skin cell

9

Before starch can enter a cell, it must be*

(1) absorbed by simple sugars

(2) diffused into simple sugars

(3) digested to form simple sugars

(4) actively transported by simple sugars

10

In a cell, protein synthesis is the primary function of*

(1) ribosomes

(2) mitochondria

(3) chloroplasts

(4) vacuoles

11

In a multicellular organism, organs carry out a variety of life functions. In a single-celled organism, these functions are performed by*

(1) tissues

(2) organelles

(3) organ systems

(4) organs

12

Chlorophyll gives plants their green color. Chlorophyll is produced only when plants are exposed to light, so plants kept in darkness have no chlorophyll and appear white. The best explanation for this is that*

(1) chlorophyll is not needed by green plants at night

(2) darkness mutates the chlorophyll genes, causing them to produce a white color

(3) light is required for chlorophyll genes to be expressed

(4) genetic information in cells is not influenced by the outside environment

13

In order for the human body to maintain homeostasis, the breakdown of glucose to release energy must be followed by the*

(1) production of oxygen

(2) division of the cell

(3) removal of wastes

(4) production of receptor molecules

14

In the past, humans developed varieties of dogs, such as the German shepherd and the bearded collie, using*

(1) selective breeding for particular traits

(2) recombination of genes during mitosis

(3) mutations present only in body cells

(4) natural selection of favorable traits

15

In an organism, a muscle cell has the same DNA as a nerve cell, yet the cells perform different functions. This is possible because*

(1) different mutations occur in each cell type, changing the genetic instructions

(2) temperature variations within the body alter DNA

(3) proteins in each cell type change the structure of DNA

(4) different parts of the genetic instructions are used in each type of cell