Regents Living Environment Test Preparation Practice Regents Test, Full Exam Practice Online: living environment January 2017

1

For a human zygote to become an embryo, it must undergo*

(1) fertilization

(2) recombination

(3) meiotic divisions

(4) mitotic divisions

2

Many homeowners and businesses are installing solar electric systems. Greater use of solar electric systems benefits the environment because it*

(1) depends on the greater use of fossil fuels

(2) conserves nonrenewable resources

(3) produces gases that cause global warming

(4) reduces the need for the ozone shield

3

A cell in the leaf of a corn plant contains more chloroplasts than a cell in the stem of a corn plant. Based on this observation, it can be inferred that, when compared to the cell in the stem, the cell in the leaf*

(1) synthesizes more sugar

(2) has a higher chromosome count

(3) produces fewer proteins

(4) uses less carbon dioxide

4

When the human body is responding to stress, the hormone adrenaline is released. A short time later, the body returns to normal. This is an example of how a human*

(1) reacts to an antibody

(2) develops genetic variation in body cells

(3) maintains cellular organization

(4) maintains dynamic equilibrium

5

A direct indication that the white blood cells of the body are functioning would be*

(1) an increase in the number of oxygen mole- cules in the lungs

(2) a decrease in the number of pathogens in the body

(3) a decreased secretion of hormones by certain glands

(4) an increase of carbon dioxide in the cells of the body

6

A fully functioning enzyme molecule is arranged in a complex three-dimensional shape. This shape determines the*

(1) specific type of molecule it interacts with during a reaction

(2) rate at which the enzyme breaks down during a reaction it regulates

(3) pH of all body systems

(4) temperature of the products of the reaction it regulates

7

A student received a flu shot in the fall. During the flu season, the student caught a cold. The most likely reason the vaccine he received did not prevent the cold was that*

(1) his illness was not caused by a pathogen

(2) he did not get the vaccine at the right time of year

(3) his body produced antibiotics in response to the vaccine

(4) the vaccine he received contained only flu virus antigens

8

In August 2010, the Asian clam was discovered in Lake George. It is not native to that area. A single clam can reproduce and release hundreds of offspring in a day. Fish and crayfish eat the clams but cannot keep pace with the rate at which the clams reproduce. The introduction of the Asian clam into Lake George is*

(1) positive, because it adds to the stability of the ecosystem

(2) positive, because the fish and crayfish would otherwise not have food

(3) negative, because it decreases water pollution in the lake

(4) negative, because it competes with native clam species and reduces stability

9

Like humans, animals including dogs and cats get goose bumps. On a cold day, these goose bumps cause their coats to expand creating a layer of insulation. If the animal is scared, the coat will also expand making the animal look larger to predators. These responses serve as examples of*

(1) allergic reactions

(2) learned behaviors

(3) detection and response to stimuli

(4) reproductive and feeding success

10

Which factor is a major cause of the changes that occur during puberty, the years when the rate of human physical growth increases and reproductive maturity occurs?*

(1) changes in some hormone levels

(2) an increase in meiosis in body cells

(3) a decrease in the rate of metabolism

(4) change in the gene sequences in reproductive cells

11

Which statement best describes how a new human trait develops and can be passed on to future generations?*

(1) A mutation in a stomach cell results in the inability of a woman to produce a certain digestive enzyme.

(2) A mother consumes alcohol during pregnancy, causing the fetus to have a low birth weight.

(3) During meiosis, a new combination of DNA subunits is formed.

(4) During mitosis, DNA does not divide correctly and the cells die.

12

Survival of at least a few members of a population after a major environmental change is most dependent on*

(1) the population having an individual that is adapted to the original environment

(2) the population having an individual that is adapted to great changes in the temperature in its environment

(3) variations in many different traits in many individuals in the population

(4) no variations in the color of the fur, skin, or feathers of the individuals in the population

13

A characteristic common to both diffusion and active transport is that*

(1) enzymes are required

(2) oxygen is moved across a membrane

(3) ATP is needed

(4) the movement of molecules occurs

14

The theory of evolution states that*

(1) species that are extinct have no biological relationship to living species

(2) different animal species always interbreed to form new and different species

(3) species change over time, sometimes devel- oping into new species

(4) the environment of Earth is constant over time

15

Scientists in Brazil have developed specific fertilizers and special breeds of soybeans and corn so crops can grow on large areas of tropical lands. This is valuable because farmers can help to feed the growing human population and strengthen the economy. However, trade-offs must be considered because farming on tropical lands can also*

(1) add helpful microorganisms to the soil

(2) remove oxygen from the atmosphere

(3) reduce populations of native species

(4) reduce mutations and disease in wildlife populations